General situation of development of aluminum-magnesium alloy wheel and come back press research of figuration wheel prospect

6% . And Chinese car market enters rapid development period, the compound increase rate of the corresponding period is amounted to 19.

6% . Look from gross, 2005 annual car output 66.53 million, among them car output of China 5.7 million. Retain from the car the quantity looks, global car retained 2004 the quantity is about 85, 4.77 million, car of China of the corresponding period retains the quantity is about 26.94 million. Car wheel demand basically increases car yield newly oneself, demand of wheel of the market after carry out retains with the car the quantity is concerned. Demand of global car wheel was made an appointment with 2005 4.

1.3 billion, among them aluminous wheel demand is made an appointment with 1.

7.8 billion. Wheel demand restricted Chinese market 2005 35 million, among them aluminous wheel makes an appointment with 20 million. Concern wheel industry according to association of Chinese auto industry " 915 " the material that develops a program, our country wheel always produced sales volume to make an appointment with 55 million 2004, the OEM inside its China measures about 29 million, ride the wheel that use a car among them 16.4 million (steeliness wheel 5.4 million, aluminous wheel makes an appointment with 11 million) , commercial vehicle wheel 12.6 million. According to calculating, quantity of total demand of global car wheel made an appointment with 361.5 million 2004, among them aluminous wheel makes an appointment with one hundred and sixty-two million nine hundred and sixty thousand. Aluminium alloy wheel develops general situation state of wheel of 1 domestic and international aluminium alloy 1. Manufacturing industry of wheel of aluminium alloy of abroad of current situation of wheel of 1 abroad aluminium alloy in 20 centuries 70 time get rapid development. If North America is light-duty the car is aluminous wheel, occupied only 1987 19% , already occupied to 2001 58.

5% ; Japanese car installs car rate to exceed 45% ; Europe exceeds 50% . General hub production company is the smallest scale of production not under produce per year 1.2 million, the company with big crop already exceeded ten million. Its staple market is face large and medium-sized car is truckload factory form a complete set offers money, some basically faces maintenance market, some is both hold concurrently and have. Development of market of wheel of North America aluminium alloy is had representative. Watch 1 give out wheel of North America aluminium, steel 2001, the sale 1999 and market are had rate. Can see two years the market has an aluminium alloy wheel rate growth 7.

2 percent, sale grows nearly 7 million; Steel wheel market is had rate also drop 7.

2 percent, sale reduces nearly 3 million. Express 1 North America unit of market condition of light-duty car wheel: 10 thousand, % note: ① North America contains light-duty lorry of the United States, Canada, Mexico ② to contain the model such as car of light-duty compartment type, SUV, Pi Ka. Market of ③ car, light-duty truck is had rate show the market that is wheel of aluminous, steel respectively is had rate, subtotal market is had leading is to point to occupy total market to have rate. Watch 2 give out aluminous wheels of 3 big Motor Corporation install a car to lead growth case. Watch 2 2002 year aluminous wheels of 3 big Motor Corporation install a car to lead an unit: External diameter of wheel of aluminium alloy of % North America is used with 16 inches most, car utilization rate occupied 55% above 2001, supply exceeds ten million; Light-duty car utilization rate is in 59% above, supply is 12.75 million; Use next most is external diameter 15 inches aluminium annulus, occupy dosage of car, light-duty lorry respectively 30% with 26% , supply all is in 5 million above. 1. The rapid development of current situation of wheel of 2 home aluminium alloy as market of our country car, introduce a technology ceaselessly, the production of aluminium alloy wheel and application are swift and violent also development rises. Enterprise of wheel of the first aluminium alloy of our country wore hub blocking aluminium to make limited company hold water 1988, enter 20 centuries 90 time, production enterprises of a batch of aluminium alloy wheel such as aluminium build the Hai Zhongna austral Guangdong quickly, aluminium alloy wheel gets quickly popularizing in our country. To 2003, aluminous wheel of our country autocycle installs car rate to already exceeded 55% , the car installs car rate to already exceeded 50% . The whole world is at present aluminous wheel year demand is made an appointment with 1.

7.8 billion, china makes an appointment with 20 million. The demand to Chinese car component is in the international market to grow quickly, the wheel is the main product that component exports, the compound increase rate that 5 years the wheel exported in the past is amounted to 48.

1% , 5 years exit forehead is 15.

6.9 billion dollar, exit is amounted to 6 years first half of the year 10.

4.9 billion dollar, 11% what occupy component to export total. Express 3 2003 year unit of general situation of production company of wheel of aluminium alloy of our country part: Person / 1 million yuan / note 10 thousand times: 6 abundant are elder brother hill 2002 data. East wind wheel is 2004 data. The data is finite, likelihood not full and accurate. 2004, ZCW (10 thousand abundant abstruse special) , ZNA (in south aluminous) , Dai Ka (Dai Ka) , all obtain " Chinese famous brand " product name. 10 thousand abundant abstruse special the company is founded 1994, from production wheel of autocycle aluminium alloy starts, develop at full speed through 10 years, already became industry of wheel of domestic aluminium alloy to expand the business with the fastest, the most vigorous impetus now. Ao Wei of below its banner 10 thousand abundant is car of a professional production the company of aluminium annulus, aluminium alloy wheel was produced 2006 can be 5.4 million about, predict 10 million to will amount to 800 ～ 2010. Limited company of one in relief hub already built Baotou produce per year project of hub of 1 million aluminium alloy, limited company invests course of study of Fu Cheng aluminium of city of Guangdong stage hill 100 million dollar, already built put into production to produce per year project of hub of 3 million aluminium alloy, in order to use home's inferior resource cost market of occupational domestic and international hub. The development trend of wheel of 2 aluminium alloy to get used to a car safer, more energy-saving, reduce noise, contaminant to discharge impose strict requirement ceaselessly, aluminium alloy wheel is being quantified diameter, gently in Xiang Dazhi, wide rim, high strenth, more beautiful wait for direction to develop. It is with market of wheel of North America aluminium alloy exemple, some more advanced year, hub diameter still is given priority to 14 inches with 13 ～ , present mainstream market is with 15-16 inch, even 17 inches. If express,4 are shown. From the watch 4 can see, place of 16 inches of wheels holds market share the biggest, growth is the rapiddest also, take wheel market from 1997 38.

3% , rise to 45% to 1999, already occupied 2001 57.

7% . It is next 15, 17 inches of wheels, occupy total market share to be respectively 27.

62% with 11.

77% . 18, 19, there also is show on market of wheel of 20 inches of big diameters. According to forecasting, a few years of future, wheel of 18 inches of diameters will become the standard configuration of car wheel. Wheel production business already began to begin to arrange 22, 24 inches of product line that reach above wheel, in order to deal the new requirement of the market. Big diameter wheel and tire are combined, than small diameter wheel and tire combination, show more acting, bully gas and modern. As a result of big diameter, wide rim, make the osculatory area of tire and ground larger, increase the adherent force of car and ground and attrition power thereby, make the maneuverability of the car can better, enhance the security of the car. General requirement and flat tire photograph match. But big diameter, wide rim, also can arise make tire wears away the adverse effect that accelerate. To reduce wheel weight, increase strength, use commonly forging craft, assembly type craft produces a wheel, can reduce weight 20% the left and right sides. Still can use alloy of high strenth magnesium alloy, titanium to make a wheel. But can make cost raises accordingly. To reduce wheel noise, some is in between spoke and rim, add one special balata to be united in wedlock. Can reduce wheel noise greatly, raise a car to operate stability. To make a wheel more beautiful, use plating chromium, polish, spray paint, dusting commonly, add outfit stainless steel or decorative pattern of plastic hub lid, Die Casting, improve a wheel to design design to wait for method. Express 4 2001 year wheel of North America aluminium alloy is different supply of external diameter market and portion unit: Inch, 10 thousand, the low Die Casting that wheel of domestic and international aluminium alloy makes main workmanship basically use inferior cost makes wheel of % 3 domestic and international aluminium alloy craft, occupy the 80% above of total output about, it is to use the handiest gravitational foundry technology next, occupy its about of total output 20% not, additional, still a few enterprise is used forging law, solder assemble law production. Shanghai gold adds up to benefit to use crowded Die Casting to make technology, its product quality has rise, obtain better result. Abroad appears recently without new technology of stomatic Die Casting (law of Die Casting full oxygen) , company of forge of casting of company limited of Japanese light metal, United States already began to apply at production. Watch 5 the main workmanship of domestic and international aluminous hub is at present more current low Die Casting builds technical product to cannot satisfy large size, high load capacity (car of coach, carry cargo) and the demand of high-end product market, especially domestic company is made in large size wheel on as bigger than existing as foreign photograph difference, and rather than casts means to produce wheel of 16 above to still belong to blank in home. Come back because the hub that press aluminium does not suffer dimension to restrict, product beautiful, function good, security is tall, economic the element such as material, its development the look of things is good, belong to advanced figuration technology, it is mature that its technology level tends basically already, already caused the attention of more company now, changing to batch production stage by stage. Characteristic of 1 magnesium alloy and phase of other construction material compare magnesium alloy and wheel development general situation, magnesium alloy has the following characteristics: The density of 1) magnesium alloy is the 23 ％ of steel, aluminous 67 ％ , plastic 170 ％ , it is the lightest metal in metallic construction material, of magnesium alloy succumb intensity and aluminium alloy cardinal principle comparative, a bit under carbolic steel, it is plastic 4-5 times, its flexibility model measures farther outclass plastic, it is more than 20 times of it, because this is below same intensity and stiffness circumstance, do structural member to be able to reduce spare parts weight greatly with magnesium alloy, equipment of this bit of pair of aviation industry, shipping industry, auto industry, war industry, portable electron all has very important sense. The stretch model with more inferior than having photograph of 2) magnesium alloy and aluminium alloy, steel, iron is measured, below similar requirement getting power, can use up bigger work of deformation, have fall a confusion of voices, decrease brace up function, can bear bigger concussion shake dynamic load. 3) magnesium alloy has good treatment performance and dimension stability: Magnesium alloy has quite good cutting to machine function, be opposite when cutting of cutting tool use up very low, cutting power is very little. The power ratio that same part uses up cutting of magnesium alloy, aluminium alloy, cast-iron, low-alloy steel is: 1: 1.

8: 3.

5: 6.

3. Magnesium alloy has taller dimension stability, stable shrinkage, cast and add work measure precision tall, divide magnesium - aluminous - outside zincic alloy, most magnesium alloy is reached in heat treatment process in be being used for a long time as a result of the dimension that change and causes change is close to Yu Ling. Current situation of development of industry of 2 magnesium alloy is current, basically produce structural member of production magnesium alloy domestic and internationally for dominant with Die Casting method, be out of shape product abroad already had the product such as punch door, home is reached relatively few. Die Casting of domestic nonferrous metal already had the base that comparative, have site of Die Casting plant and relevant enterprise to make an appointment with 3000 in all now, manufactory of Die Casting machine has 20 about, produce per year Die Casting many tons 30. Among them aluminous Die Casting occupy 75.

5% , magnesian Die Casting occupy only 1% the left and right sides. Shanghai male connects car accessories limited company to produce crust of gear-box of magnesium alloy Die Casting to already had old history for car of accept of Shanghai mulberry tower. But look on the whole, the Die Casting that compares our country with developed country photograph overall quality is poorer (mental allowance big, percent defective difference of condition of foundation of equipment of low, foundry technology, environmental protection mixes utilization rate of tall, alloy problem of specific power consumption more serious, lack is special new product of talent and new technology develops ability) . Cause product value to lack competition ability higher. The foundation that can say we are existing cannot get used to the requirement of magnesium alloy industrialization completely. The total Die Casting that tells magnesium alloy and be out of shape the product produces technical standard very low still now, relative to aluminium alloy, magnesium alloy Die Casting and be out of shape the stability of the quality of the product and crop poorer, percent defective is taller, cause value of magnesium alloy product taller, restricted the development of the promotion application of magnesium alloy product and new product. Foreground of development of industry of 3 magnesium alloy faces international, home market the pressure of huge to magnesium alloy product demand and competition, industrialization of our country magnesium alloy is facing great development opportunity and grim challenge. Magnesium alloy industry is one involves wide, technology compositive degree of tall large system project. Sufficient play magnesium alloy is cast reach be out of shape the technology is in the action in industrialization, it is the requirement that realizes industrialization of our country magnesium alloy to cross the development that jump type. "Coordinate in governmental unity during 915 " below, will develop application and industrialization " to weigh large special organization to tackle key problem to " magnesium alloy, in order to solve technology of a batch of general character, crucial technology and technology of form a complete set, its key technology includes to magnesium alloy is in charge of rolling of plank of material and technology of extruding of special type profile and application, magnesium alloy, strike out model reach small band to connect products plan of casting technology and application, magnesium alloy and development to wait for a project. The research of these projects is developed, abide by give priority to body with the enterprise, produce learn to grind union, press the principle that market mechanism runs, regular meeting makes the process of industrialization of our country magnesium alloy is advanced ahead active and reliably. Through the industrialization base that steady work builds, be sure to develop its bibcock and demonstrative action. We believe, 915 " of course " and henceforth a paragraph of period the work with each steady side, our country turns into by magnesian big country regular meeting comes to the day of magnesian powerful nation. The application of 4 magnesium alloy on auto industry and wheel comes nearly 20 years, world car output grows continuously. Degree of auto industry development is a country develops one of important signs of degree, and the main base that metallic stuff is auto industry development. Stem from energy-saving the requirement with environmental protection, try every means reduces car design experts car weight, reduce benzine in order to achieve to use up the double effect that measures with exhaust emission. Magnesium alloy regards the lightest structure as material, can satisfy the requirement that increasingly strict energy-saving tail gas discharges; Producible give weight light, bad news is oily little, environmental protection new-style car. The advantage of spare parts of magnesium alloy car but simple reduce: · density is small, can reduce truckload weight, reduce fuel wastage secondhand; · compares aluminium alloy of intensity prep above and steel magnesianly, be close to aluminium alloy and steel than stiffness, the negative charge with can bear fixed; · magnesium is had cast gender and dimension stability goodly, machine easily, percent defective is low; · magnesium has good damp coefficient, decrease brace up the quantity is more than aluminium alloy and cast-iron, use at housing to be able to reduce noise, use at seat, annulus the circle can reduce vibration, raise the security of the car and comfortable sex. Magnesium alloy uses as on the car the history of component has 70 years about. The oil pump box on the piston that was used early on a racing bicycle 1930 and Europe treasure car, dosage and applied place increase gradually later. 60 time are planted in some cars on dosage achieves 23 kilogram, basically use as box of cleanness of valve carapace, air, brake, clutch, footplate wearing. At the beginning of 80 time, because use new technology, limitted the content of the foreign matter element such as iron, copper, nickel strictly, of magnesium alloy be able to bear or endure corrode sex got settlement, in the meantime, cost dropped to promote the magnesium alloy application on the car greatly again. Begin from 90 time, the car business of Euramerican, Japan, Korea begins to use magnesium alloy on a lot of car spare partses gradually. Magnesium alloy Die Casting the application on the car has shown long-term growth state. In the past in 10 years, its year growth rate exceeds 15% . Be in Europe, already 300 kinds of different magnesium make a component be used at assembling a car, on the car that every Europe produces use on average 2.

5kg magnesium. Hopeful estimation thinks, stem from reduce heavy demand, every car will rise to magnesian demand to 70, 120kg. Current, there is the application of magnesium alloy product on the lid of component of control system of car appearance, seat wearing, direction, engine, gear-box, manifold that take energy of life, hub, engine and safe component. Ford Motor Corporation already began to make suspension spare parts, apply the brake with magnesium alloy dish wait with clamp of apply the brake; And every car used Japan 1990 magnesian quantity only 5 kilograms, predict to will be added by 2000 reach 210 kilograms, 25% what hold car weight, be next to aluminous material and exceed steely weight. 50 come for years, through ceaseless technical innovation, magnesium alloy also is ceaselessly in the application on autocycle on range and deepness undertake expanding, applied model expands from cycle racing motile motor, light model motor, concept motor, cover Euramerican day brand of ten kinds of main autocycle, component of magnesium alloy application covers dynamical system, transmission system and all sorts of motorcycle accessories more than 40 kinds, among them only Dymay hub of England amounts to 400 kinds of models with respect to application. The application of hub of domestic autocycle magnesium alloy still belongs to blank at present, chongqing grand Xin leads foretaste to make a model be LXl50 " autocycle of concept of magnesium alloy green " , wide attention was caused in home, 12 uses component already had 3 to realize dimensions to turn production nowadays. The development trend of wheel of 5 magnesium alloy is in internationalization is energy-saving fall with the requirement of environmental protection, abroad already had partial enterprise trial-produce and produce magnesium alloy hub, its apply a domain to include high-grade autocycle and limousine car, as magnesium alloy the ceaseless research of relevant technology develops, its cost is sure to reduce, prospective wheel will popularize aluminum-magnesium alloy material stage by stage. At present home still considers to produce the business of magnesium alloy hub without systematization, the development potential of hub of domestic magnesium alloy is accordingly great, now already few enterprise begins to develop magnesium alloy hub. At present dosage of product of Die Casting magnesium alloy is more than technology of figuration of 6 magnesium alloy be out of shape product, but the course forgings, the craft production such as extruding or rolling goes out be out of shape magnesium alloy product has higher strength, better extend a gender, have the good performance that casts magnesium alloy product to cannot be replaced, international magnesian association (the development that IMA) makes in him and applied magnesium alloy in 3 phase, long-term goal wants development to be out of shape namely magnesium alloy. Magnesium alloy can use rolling, extruding, punch, hot forge to reach exceed the means such as plasticity figuration to undertake machining. Accordingly, development is out of shape magnesium alloy, it is the development trend with its more long-term future. 1) rolling magnesium alloy issues plasticity in room temperature very low, rolling treatment is more difficult, because this had better use hot-rolling and lukewarm roll. Comfortable the MBl that has Mg-Mn department at the magnesium alloy brand of rolling, MB8, the AZ31B that Mg-A1-Zn fastens and Mg-Li fasten LAl41, can produce thick board, medium plate and thin plate. Magnesium alloy thin plate is used at making car bodywork the shell plating of package (like door, cover lid, fender, the) such as roof, can reduce weight greatly. 2) extruding is current, magnesium alloy canal, club, belt, profile basically uses extruding method treatment to shape, because of extruding industry most the form cutting that applies to low plasticity material. Be out of shape magnesium alloy is like AZ31B for the most part, ZM21, ZK60A, HK31 all can produce with extruding law. The part that extruding law produces, its are mechanical function relatively Die Casting law produces want a lot of taller, and the surface is bright and clean, need not again classics burnish, can use at the car to bear the weight of if sit,wear, chassis casing, hub and car window frame. 3) punch magnesium alloy issues unfavorable punch in normal temperature, general; Middling pressure temperature must be in 150 ℃ above, when 175 ℃ , magnesium alloy board cup form the drawing ratio when drawing can be amounted to 2.

0, can amount to when 225 ℃ 3.

0, exceeded aluminium alloy and mild steel limit of figuration of normal temperature drawing (they are respectively 2.

6 with 2.

2) . Development of German masses Motor Corporation goes magnesium alloy car to enclothe technology of hot punch figuration, treatment gives the door plank of the car. 4) isotherm forgings magnesium alloy is easy below normal temperature fragile crack, forging temperature must come in 200 ℃ above between 400 ℃ . But magnesium alloy falls in high temperature, corrode oxidation and grain in the generation when more than 400 ℃ especially bulky, forging temperature range is narrower. And magnesium alloy coefficient of thermal conductivity is bigger (M of ～ 80w ／ .

C) is 2 times of steel almost, after contacting a mould, drop in temperature very fast, plasticity is reduced, be out of shape fight force to increase, fill up function drops, it is more difficult that accordingly magnesium alloy forgings, and agree with use isotherm to forging. Our country already forginged with isotherm the figuration with successful craft the casing on sophisticated magnesium alloy plane. 5) exceeds plasticity of model figuration magnesium alloy inferior, it is more difficult to be out of shape with convention the method is machined, in recent years the scientist is opposite the country such as beautiful, day the technology of figuration exceeding model of magnesium alloy undertook study. Consider to make clear, magnesium alloy of very varied body is had below certain condition exceed plasticity, can the part with complex figuration. Magnesium alloy is developed in the research on industry and apply, can saying is in the ascendant. It reflects conspicuous much advantage to accord with the demand that modern technology expands already, also raised a series of questions that need farther thrash out, with enlarging its applied limits ceaselessly. 7 come back press wheel of figuration magnesium alloy to come back pressed figuration wheel to raise a product to create precision and strength, machining surplus decreases greatly. Current, domestic and internationally already enterprise and research organization begin to begin to study magnesium alloy comes back press figuration technology, but Shang Moxuan presses technology of wheel of figuration magnesium alloy to study a report, in abroad this technology already had successful applied experience on aluminium alloy wheel. As the flying development of industrialization of domestic magnesium alloy, magnesium alloy comes back press a wheel to be sure to have a huge market demand. Come back press new technology of wheel of figuration aluminum-magnesium alloy and foreground 1 come back press figuration technology 1.

1 definition comes back pressing is a kind forging integratedly, extruding, drawing, bend, annulus make friends, horizontal make friends and boil push the does not have cutting treatment less advanced technology that waits for craft characteristic, carry flat semifinished product or metallic canister base, prefab base on the head the top to be close on model of core of press coming back with end, drive core club and preform to rotate by main shaft, at the same time drum coming back squashs material to go up in gyral core model from semifinished product a side, make the plasticity with material generation successive pointwise is out of shape, acquire the part of hollow turn coming back of all sorts of bus appearance thereby. Come back if the treatment principle that presses craft pursues 1. Graph the metabolic circumstance of ply of the 1 semifinished product in controlling treatment process according to coming back, will come back commonly press craft cent to be common come back press and puissant come back press two kinds. Common come back the ply of the semifinished product in controlling a process keeps basically changeless, those who shape to basically rely on the systole with preform circumferential edge and edge radius direction to go up is stretchy be out of shape will come true, its are important the feature is to be in shape the change that preform external diameter can see apparently in the process. Puissant come back press what craft basically relies on preform ply to decrease Baolaishi to show figuration, preform external diameter keeps basically changeless. The wheel comes back pressure point to use spinning roller (or figuration annulus) have swing tower forging stock or tubal state semifinished product local and successive rotate compress with figuration its inside and outside is sectional the figuration method of appearance. This process is integrated general comes back and come back by force, coming back in controlling a process, semifinished product homocentric suitable costume is placed in proper core standard, after main shaft drives semifinished product to rotate, contrail of motion of spinning roller of automata of numerical control system, the appearance contrail that presses a regulation makes reciprocate, should give when haul every time the transverse feed of certain size, progressively ground makes semifinished product clingy mould shape face, receive a demand thereby the workpiece of sectional dimension. To shun work generation wrinkles and burst, should according to deformation, be out of shape process cent a certain number of paths second undertake, namely spinning roller wants reciprocate, and the feed with all give certain before every take second place, sometimes the function according to material, the likelihood needs to change core model and undertake intermediate heat treatment perhaps undertakes heating coming back pressing waiting. 1.

2 come back press a technology to pursue in the application of different domain 2 come back press shaping workpiece appearance to come back pressure product figure is sundry (if pursue 2 show) , press achievable figuration through coming back, shrink diameter, binding off, back cover, flange, roll edge, control all sorts of jobs such as muscle, its product applies extensively at all trades and professions (watch 6) . Express all sorts of 6 suppress coming back 2 come back the advantage that presses technical application to be made at the wheel 2.

1 technology is advanced its process is the gender forging, anneal, come back pressure, heat treatment, machining, finishing (spray or eletroplate) craft, crucial technology presses treatment to come back, belong to material essence clean figuration, figuration product precision is tall, expect than casting bucking the structure is compact, intensity is high. If pursue 3 show, approach rim and integral boss to come back. Graph rim of 3 drum coming back and integral hub 2.

2 wheels come back press technical wheel to come back pressing a technology is the wheel figuration new technique that in last few years ability development rises, the hub that basically is aimed at aluminum-magnesium alloy material (graph 3) , also partial hub uses steel to pledge. 17 inches of the following cars of foreign are aluminous annulus production presses figuration via coming back with forging stock or annulus base progressively already predominate. In last few years abroad is used forging, come back pressed craft to make 22, aluminous wheel of tubeless of car of 24 inches of carring capacity, with its modelling beautiful, weight light, intensity is high the driving competition point that makes steel annulus. Traditional hub workmanship method is in inferior pressure (fall in 20 ～ 60KPa) commonly pouring (cast or Vacuum Casting) , heat treatment, machining, final finishing, this method suits big batch production, productivity tall, percent of pass is taller, aluminous fluid utilization rate is higher, but exterior quality owes beautiful, cost difficulty of tallish, technology is tall, and use forging, anneal, come back pressure, heat treatment, machining, finishing (spray or eletroplate) the hub that technique produces, rose to make precision greatly, have more compact metallographic organization and better mechanical performance, yi Da changes to hub the wall is large wait for intensity to ask, and weight light, surface is bright and clean, machining surplus decreases greatly. This craft is in Germany to wait relatively the developed country already developed make mature technology, at present home already had less company using aluminous wheel of trial-produce of this new technology research. Graph 4 come back for the wheel control a few kinds of main way. Graph 4 wheels come back press means wheel to come back pressure can use plank to cleavage type comes back commonly pressure (graph 4-a) , prefab forging stock comes back pressure (graph 4-c) , shrink without the material that seam a canal diameter comes back pressure (graph 4-b) means of 3 kinds of craft. Cleavage type comes back pressing craft is disc account board base is used cleavage annulus through dividing a craft, make semifinished product is in ply direction is mid be broken off two, reoccupy shapes annulus gradually the pace comes back press figuration; Forging stock comes back by force craft is have forging stock a certain number of ways second come back by force, achieve requirement of rim area size thereby. 2.

2 had advantages 1) economic raw material. Avoided to pass machine the condition that imposes the cutting when means is produced to drop material of many semifinished product, can come back directly pressure, need not have precision work to the surface. Come back press a technology to still can come back make piece become sectional the hub of ply, below the premise that asks in index of contented wheel intensity, can reduce thin hub thickness appropriately, reduced raw material dosage and wheel weight thereby. 2) aluminum-magnesium alloy has very good heat conduction property, can prolong service life of tire of car, autocycle greatly, especially the life of tire of tall laden lorry. (produce business according to European wheel " ALCOA " the company tests data, aluminium alloy hub makes tire the longest the service life that can prolong 20 ％ ) . 3) implementation changes the wall is large wait for strength demand, intensity performance is good. Rim ply is controlled more easily, the function of the intensity such as can convenient contented wheel asks, can better assurance product precision and strength demand. Below same situation, of same norms come back pressure (forging) the mechanical function of aluminium alloy wheel is compared cast annulus make an appointment with 18% above high, and quality wants light 15% . 4) quality of surface of wheel inside and outside is good, without foreword sequel precision work, reduced process. Come back the product after pressing need not finish machining can achieve very good surface precision, decreased to machine working procedure. 5) the shell is beautiful. As a result of wall of rim of drum coming back thick easier control, because this is satisfying the circumstance that waits for strength demand to fall, can design shaping neatly, beautiful and reliable. 6) managing cost. Production makes cost decrease greatly, batch turns production more be helpful for managing cost. 7) market prospect is capacious. As a result of the performance with advanced technology and good product, with come back the wheel market prospect that controls methodological production is capacious. 8) belong to technology of figuration of advanced special type, it is current one of less methods of wheel of figuration large size, profit space is great. (at present profit margin of groovy dimension aluminous wheel is 45%~50% about) . 9) technical difficulty and complex degree go to the lavatory simply than Vacuum Casting, carry out easily. Sex of 3 technologies maturity 3.

1 hub comes back press equipment hub press coming back to have higher automation rate, form a complete set expects robot, have enough to meet need is taken up and down, it is dimensions turns the crucial equipment in product line, can achieve minutely production 2~4 manufacturing metre. Have vertical and horizontal two kinds of structures, spinning roller head can be being lost to feed of high speed job, be versed in in the pace is achievable thick come back and finishing process, auxiliary working procedure is little, product quality and efficiency are taller (graph 5) . Graph press of hub of heart of Er of humble of 5 Germany Lai coming back (horizontal) production enterprise of foreign press coming back has heart of Er of German Lai humble, WF, spanish DENN, home has Changchun when gold of 55 place, Beijing institute of craft of special, northing. These foreign enterprises are had longer come back press equipment to make the history and rich experience, have in home come back in great quantities press equipment to be being used, the technology is relatively mature. Domestic company also is designed in recent years made a few equipment and investment is used, its integral performance can satisfy the market basically to ask. 3.

2 engineering technology come back it is mature to press figuration hub technology to already developed in Germany, the product applies at the market. At present although home does not have mature product, but already had coming back individually the company that controls a domain to have authority experiments basically already successful, aid of machinery plant of Xi'an spaceflight power, Shandong is for instance peaceful wheel factory, believe to very quickly will the product that has own intellectual property puts in the market. 4 foreground come back controlling figuration standard is on base of hot forge technology development rises, forging after making semifinished product, undertake coming back pressing figuration, rose to create precision and strength, machining surplus decreases greatly. Because hub of drum coming back does not suffer dimension to restrict, product beautiful, function good, security is tall, economic data, managing the element such as the sources of energy, its development the look of things is good, come back press a technology to belong to advanced figuration technology, wheel of its aluminium alloy comes back it is mature to press technical level to tend basically already, already caused the attention of more company in home, changing to batch production stage by stage. Additional, already enterprise and research organization begin to begin to study magnesium alloy comes back press figuration technology, but at present Shang Moxuan presses technology of wheel of figuration magnesium alloy to study a report. As the flying development of industrialization of domestic aluminum-magnesium alloy, aluminum-magnesium alloy comes back press a wheel to be sure to have a huge market demand. 5 dimensions change manufacturing condition to want to achieve dimensions to change production to must want to have reliable raw material source, build appropriate product line, quantify manufacturing mode in order to approve to manage, product standards wants diversification, market fixed position wants to make clear, the strategic collaboration of an above purchases establish business, have advanced administrative pattern, can get used to the change of the market. CNC Milling CNC Machining